This talk reminds me of a good friend of mine who once was the VP of a smallish hospital. I got to talking with him about his administration strategy, because he was/is very different from any hospital admin I've ever met. As he is a very smart and hardworking fella, he figured out right away that the best way to maximize revenue was to make it as easy as possible for the physicians to want to work at his hospital. Parking spots by the entrances for the docs, scheduling the OR however the surgeons wanted it, free food at the cafeteria, on and on and on. Of course his hospital absolutely killed it.
God, this is so painfully obvious...and somehow still uncommon.
In my opinion, the reason we don't see this more is it requires someone to "call it like they see it", be in a position to do something about it, and have the gumption to take action.
All three are bottlenecks, obviously. But I think "being honest about the system" is far and away what stops more people like your friend from running hospitals.
What do I mean? People think patients are the "customer" - they are not. Every single living person, at multiple points in their lives, are going to get sick and need some form of care, until they are no longer a living person. They're more akin to the sun for power companies using solar. The sun is always there, but the power companies compete to make money using different equipment and strategies.
If you shift into that viewpoint - alright, the sun is shining, how can we turn out the most electricity - doctors become the solar panels, inverters, batteries, etc. We're the equipment you need to make money. So you better take good care of the equipment.
But this line of thinking is "gross", it goes against the stories we tell ourselves. The story is that medicine is a noble profession, and the focus is on patient satisfaction ("the customer is always right"). It's the tail wagging the dog, and why so many people in medicine are unhappy.
If you shift into "doctor satisfaction", the patients will come. In the end, we're all people. So giving the docs a nice/clean space, making their workflow as seamless as possible, paying them fairly - OF COURSE such a hospital will make money hand-over-fist. But we're not supposed to think about Healthcare like this...so here we are.