standard of Cares in Oncology in its simplest form

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asprin81

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standard of Cares in Oncology in its simplest form
H&N Cancer :

Operable -->surgery (except larynx where organ preservative chemo-rad preferred)

Non Operable--> Chemo-Rad (Cisplatin or cetuxinmab with radiation)

Metastatic--> TPF (Cisplatin, 5 fu, texotere) chemo or similar combination

Nasopharyngeal respond well to chemo

LUNG CANCER:

Small Cell

Deal with brain mets first with gamma knife or whole brain rads before dealing with rest of cancer

Limited stage (only one lung involved/no pleural eff/whole tumer can come under radiation port) cispLatin/etoposide x concurrent radiation to lung followed by prophylactic brain radiation

Extended stage: Cisplatin/etopside x 6 cycle followed by prophylactic brain radiation followed by intermitted maintenace or clinical trial

Non Small Cell Lung Cancer:

stage 1a, 1b (<4cm) surgery or defenite radiation

Higher stage:

Adeno: 1b to 111b operable: surgery follwed by adjuvent chemo with cisplatin (can be replaced with carbo in renal failure) plus alimta or nevalbine


Adeno Stage 111 non operable: chemo/xrt defenite

Adeno: Non operable or stage 4: cisplatin plus alimta 4-6 cycle followed by maintenance alimta or taxane


Adeno: with EGFR mutation: tarceva po happyyyy

Squamous and other NSCLC: 1a, 1 b (<4cm) surgery or defenot rads

Squamous and other NSCLC: 1b-111b operable: surgery followed by adjuvent cisplatin (any of these: nevalbine, gem, taxane)

Squamous and other NSCLC Stage 111 non operable: chemo/xrt defenit

Squamous and other NSCLC Stage 4: cisplatin (any of these: nevalbine, gem, taxane) or avastin carbo, taxol combination followed by taxane maintenance

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PSA >4, symptom of prstate ca, family hx of prostate ca with elevated PSA->Prostate Biopsy

Prostate Ca diagnosed:

Local disease:

young pt early staged prostate ca = prostatectomy
any other situation: prostatectomy or IMRT with 6 month LHRH agonist
This should make psa =0

PSA recurrence: doubling time <3 month (with risk of bone mets in 1 yr)

start LHRH Agonist after bone scan/CT scan/staging w/u which will drop PSA (median time of disease controle 22 month)

PSA recurrence again
Add casodex (androgen receptor blocker) to get some benefit for few month with psa drop

PSA Elevation again
Drop Casodex to get withdrawl effect with drop of PSA again

Till now pt will get Bone mets (start zometa q 6 week)

GIVE Provenge vaccine (if off narcotic / steroid / no visceral mets)

Start Ketoconazole with steroid

When this fails

CT scan may show visceral mets by now

Strat steroids when they fails start Nilotamide when that fails start megesterol if that fail Consider chemo Docetaxel q 21 day x 10 cycle (mitxanteron, doxurubicin, etoposide with or without steroid)

After Chemo consider Abereteron

Then refer to phase 1 clinical trial

Palliative Radiation for pain in Bone mets

Hospice
 
High risk pt, family hx of breast ca: 5 yr of Tamoxifin

DCIS, LCIS on Biopsy (with ER+, PR +) : 5 yr of Tamoxifin

Lobular Invasive Cancer, Ductal Invasive Carcinoma: Mastectomy/ or lumpectomy with radiation with sentinal LN Biopsy

ER+, PR+, HER2-

<1cm ER+, PR+ : 5 yr of tamoxifin for premenopasual or Aromitase Inhibitor for postmenopasual

>1cm, <2 cm : Oncotype score to decide if need chemo on top of hormonal therapy

Positive sentinal LN followed by axillary dissection followed by axillary radiation for positve node massive disease

>2cm, LN Positve: Chemotherapy (usually before breast radiation if lumpectomy or axillary radiation for positve note) AC followed by Texane followed by 5 yr of hormonal therapy

Metastatic Disease: hormonal therapy followed by sequential single agent chemotherapy (Doxurubicin, texane, xeloda, spidle inh, nevalbine, cytoxane or newed agent) plus zometa for bone mets


ER+, PR+, HER2+: Add 1 yr of Herceptin (once AC chemo done). If herceptin tried in past, then may use lapatinib with herceptin

ER-, PR-, HER2- Breast Ca

Follow above rules with following changes

No hormonal therapy
Almost always Chemotherapy


After failing everything send for Phase 1 Trial

Paliative radiation for bone mets
Gamma Knife for Brain mets (temdur for brain mets sometimes)

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ESOPHAGEAL CANCER:

Early staged resectable: surgery

Early staged but pt not fit for surgery or not resectable: Defenite concurrent chemo/XRT with low dose weakly Carbo/Taxel or high dose q21 day with radiation

Metastatic disease: Palliative chemo with any GI Chemo combination (carbo/taxol or cisplatin/gem or 5fu/oxaliplatin or 5 fu/irinotecan, FOLFORINEX) with intermittent chemo with few breaks for travel to florida or hawai....cisp/gem can be used for squamous and cisp/alimra for adeno....Cisplatin can be replaxed with carbo and 5fu can be replaced with xeloda

GASTRIC CANCER

Most of these principlas also work for stomach cancer.

Asians /Japanese are famous for D2 dissection of gastric cancer with extensive resection with good results in japan but no difference than D1 dissection in USA....Japanese also do more agressive chemos

Adeno and squamous histology help in guesing prognosis, response to radiation and choice of chemo

COLON Cancer: most of the time adeno

Resectable: surgery followed by adjuvent FOLFOX X 4-6 cycle of chemo

NonResectable: FOLFOX or FOLFIRI or Avastin with xeloda/irinotecan followed by mantenance (5 fu or xeloda with 2 agent chemo like FOLFOX for progression)

K-RAS wild type: cetuximab can be combined to chemo in stage 4 setting

Familial colon cancer at early stage with more MSI on path usually respond less to chemo, and have slow growing less agressive cancer and can be observed

ANAL CANCER, SQUAMOUS CELL CA:

NIGRO regemin with concurrent chemo (5fu/mytomicin) radation with sphincter preservation
 
ADENOCARCINOMA:

RESECTABLE: WHIPPLE PROCEDURE followed by adjuvent chemo Cisp/Gem, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI , FOLFORINEX (if in USA add radiation with extensive disease, UK dont believe in data for XRT)

NON RESECTABLE: PALLIATIVE CHEMO: FOLFIRINOX or FOLFOX of FOLFIRI or Cisp/Gem, Carb/taxol....May try consurrent chemo/xrt with curative intent.....Poor performance single agent gemzar

Supportive meds are importane: pain controle, vomiting controle, palliative xrt for pain, pancreatic enzyme supplement for malabsorption

After failing few lines of chemo...send for phase 1
 
HCC:

RESECTABLE: <5 CM one lesion, or <3 lesion each less then 3cm...Resection...Live transplant (young pt)

Liver transplantation
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation
Percutaneous ethanol or acetic acid ablation
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE)
Cryoablation
Radiation therapy
Systemic chemotherapy

Non Resectable/Stage 4: Sorafanib

Sorafanib plus doxurubicin phase 2 trial under progress

Cytotoxic chemo usually does not work

supportive care is very important
 
TYPICAL CARCINOID

Sandostatin monthly for carcinoid symptoms/flushing/diarrhea/wheezing

Resectable: curative Surgery or cytoreductive surgery for symptom controle

Local Disease: RFA, Rad Beads, Crytherapy for liver mets

ATYPICAL CARCINOD (GI Tract, Lung)
NEUROENDOCRINE
SECRETRY OR NON SECRETRY TUMERS

Resectable: curative surgery +/- adjuvent chemo or cytoreductve surgery for symptom controle

Local Disease: RFA, Rad Beads, Crytherapy for liver mets

Non Resectable: Palliative Chemo based on pahtology detail (Lung :small cell like cisp/etopside, Large cell like treat as NSCLC, GI Tract again treat based on path with Cisp/Gem, Cisp/etop, Carbo/Taxol etc

GLAUCOGINOMA, INSULINOMA (Above plus symptomatic management)

SANDOSTATIN monthly shots in stable disease is usually given especialyy with Carcinod scan with receptor positive disease.

Tumer marrkers are used for disease progression on secretery tumers
 
GIST

RESECTABLE: SURGERY curative intent or sytoreductive surgery for symprom controle

Local Disease: RFA, XRT, IMRT, Bead Rads etc

Systemic Rx: TKI (gleevec followed by high dose gleevec when 400mg qday ineffective followed by second generation TKI)
 
Sarcoma is a surgical disease.

XRT may be used in neoadjuvent or Adjuvent therapy to make surgery more successfulll

Systemic Rx are usually less effective except GIST at to some extent scalp sarcoma

PVNS/TGCT: Imatinib

Picoma: Sirolomus

Alveolar sarcoma: Sunitinib

Chrodoma:

erlotinib/cetux
cisp/gleevec
serolomus/gleevec
or any of above in single agent

solitary fibrous tumer

sunitinb
avastin/temdur

DESMOID TUMER:

NSAID
Sulindac
tamoxifn
mtx
gleevec
inf
doxrub

Angiosarcoma:

texane
doxurub
sorafanib
sunitnib


EXTREMITY/RP

Single agent or combination

dox, erib, ifosfa, texane, decarbazine, temdur, gemzar etc
 
CML:
Chronic phase: Gleevec followed by other TKI, when fail or progress BMT
Blastic Phase: BMT followed by TKI

AML:

GOOD RISK: ADE (duanorubicin, cytarabine, etoposide) 7+3+3 followed by BM to confirm remission followed by mantenence HIDAC (High dose cytarabine 4-6 cycles) If BM showed persistent disease do reinduction

BMT (allo) on recurrence

IT Chemo in most cases (especially FAB M4, M5) especiaaly with CNS disease

BAD RISK DISEASE: INduction chemo followed by primary BMT (allo)

ALL:

INduction (diff hospital used diff regemen) followed mantenance with BMT on recurrence for good risk. Prmary BMT for bad risk disease. IT Chemo proph

CLL: See Lymphoma Rx in upcoming emails
 
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